Torque-absorbing spring construction for vehicles



April'Y 5 1927.

R. M. LovEJoY BSRBING SPRING CONSTRUCTION FOR VEHICLES 2 Sheets-'Sheet 1Filed March 26 1925 April 5 1927 R. M. LovEJoY AIQRQUE ABSORBING SPRINGCONSTRUCTION FOR VEHICLES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 26. 1925 InvenorAfTys.

Patented Asi. s, i927.

nALrH M. LovnJoY, oFBo'sroii, ivrnssiicrmsiiiiris.4

man.

ToRQUn-ABSORBING SPRINGKCONSTRUCTON non vni-iICLEs.

Application filed March 26, `1925. vSerial No. 12,385.

This invention relates lto improvements in vehicle spring' constructionsand the general object thereof is tol provide a spring construction Vinwhich thefniovement of the axle relatively to the vehiclewill bedirected lin a path substantially"normal to the horizontall plane of thevehicle frameandfthe tendency to movement of the axlein a directionlongitudinally of the vehicle lwill be overcome. Thisis accomplished Vinthe preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated herein bymeans ofa leaf spring rigidly mounted uponthe axle of ,the vehicley andVhavingone .end so connected to the frame,preferably at thev endthereof, kas to permit relative longi- Y tudinal movement therebetweenand byproan automobile which isV subject not only to are entirelyeliminated.V

the torque of thedriving mechanism, but f also to a braking torque andalso front axles which are subjected to torque when front wheel brakesare employed, the moment of torque resistance imposes a heavy load uponvthe spring which imbalances its action -upon the frame of Ythe vehicle.In many instances this torquein addition to the weight of the body ofthe vehicle imposed upon the springv results in the breaking of thespring. As a consequence inany'vehiclesn'are provided with torque rodsVto prevent the' imposition upon the spring of this .torque resistance.l

An important object of the Vinvention is to provide a spring"construction for an axle which is subject to torque .whiclrwill avoid'the necessity of providing torque rods to pre.

vent undue stress upon the spring and pos-` sible breakage vthereof whenthe axle ,is subjectedto drivingandpartieularly to braking torque.Inusualconstructions the torque rods which connect the axle toi theframe include universal joints which rapidly bef come worn and when wornpermit vibration' of the axle and considerable attendant noise. BvA thepresent invention these .torque rods A further. object of theinventionsis to provide a spring construction, for an axle vwhich issubjected to torque such as drivingyorj` braking torque, With means`forgreducing the 4effective force factorof the moment of torque i-i-ponthe spring. [This is accomplished `in tliepreferred embodiment of .theinvention disclosed herein by providing a leaffspfring.

having atI one end aconnectionto ythe frame.;-

which will 'l permit relative -longitudinal movement therebetweenl witha rigid arm extending in the opposite direction such `distance as toprovide an eec'tive leverage` which will reduce the resistancerequiredof' 'i the resilient portion come thetorque. 1 f

i further object of the invention is. to. pro.- vide a. springof thischaracter which can be applied to usual types of vehicles withoutchanging the relative position of the axle to ofthe spring' to oven theend of the frame. This is accomplished by providing a 'springhavingresilient. sec-1 tions located upon opposite sides ,of the axleand preferably fof different lengths offering different resistanceswith:A means rigidlyfconnected to the axle extending` therefrom. in thedirection of the'flexible portion of the spring which Y offers thegreatest resistance such, a

distance as to reduce the effective forcefacy 'vide a vconstruction ofthischaracter which will equalize the framev supporting 'action ofl Ithe resilient sections of the spring. n, A further object oftheinvention is .to pro vide a'novel spring construction in which the llongleaf of the spring' which. is connected at its ends to the vehicle framemay be made in sections rather than fassa unit. `It is well."

known that long springs are diiiicultV of constructioiiand when brokenare expensive in replacement. Thepresent invention con sections ofthelongleaf. lBy reason yof this constructionthe sectional "long leaf'canbeV madel much more economically than a unitary longleaf `and if brokencan be readily and economically replaced. y

@ther objects and features of the inventiony l will more fully appearfrom the `following A y description and the. accompanyingxdrawf.

ings and will be particularly pointed out ii inthe drawings; Fig. 1 is aside elevation of the end por#v tion of the vehicleha'ning an, axle..which. isv subject to torqueand -a preferred form of,

Spring embodying-:the,prsent nvelitcn;

' Fig. 2 is a detail vertical sectional view yof i a portion lof thesuperimposed Vleaves of. the.A

V *lo f longitudinally alined sections clamped bespring' illustratingthe main leaf as made in tweend adjacent superimposed leaves f is` a'detail plan View illustrating particularly the-.sections of thel longleaf in whiclii'theendf ofbnesection is disposed in angularl relation totheother-for` the purpose of@ discharging material; which mayaccumulatebetweenthe adj acent ends ofthe sections ftlie'leaves; j

Eig. 4 isa side elevation ofthe endl por-` ytion Volf/fthe vehiclesimilar to Fig. 1, illus-V l trating a different, form off springconstrucf invention. 1, The preferred v.51isj connected by a universaljoint to a rela--` Y struction ovf'that type. e

n' ftiicbiiem'bodyiiig theinvention; and,.

j `;Fig.,5 is aV--similar'vievv showing another i formv of springconstruction embodying the Y y ,embodiment off" theinveiitonfvvl'iicliisfillustrated'in liligs. 1',f24 and 3' is'cfthevtypeillustrated inrmyprior Patent-l 'Nal 1,443,139; granted January 26,1923 and illustrates,-themanner in; Whichgfthe present invention' ecran.' be. applied. to

. .ai .Spring cfm" The ,drawings illustrate a conventional fermof'autoniobile vfra-ine 1f, :af driving Wheel Vo r{rear-vv-heel! 2Wliichi-sdrirveii by Aone ofl the; differentially actuated shafts- 3through the usual: differentialV (not shown)v which is enclosedrin thedifferential housing 4. As is usual insuch constructions the drivingshaft tively sliortshaft which actuates the differ.-

entra-l, V`which, shaft and universal kjoint are enclosed'invanextension- 6 of thediiferential housing. The differenti alhousing isintegralV with andforms-a part ofthe axle 7.

` Y -Thepreferred formbf spring constructionl 1. embodying the presentinvention comprises a Vuse.

main resilient-leaf whichv is fixedly connected to the frame and anoppositely extending portion or a separate leafgwhich is located,

Vbetweenxjtvvo'symmetrical series of superimposed 'leavesofgsuccessively decreasing 4rlength? which are rigidly secured tothefra-ine andl af central zsection comprising successively shorter leavessuperimposed 'upon 'fthe lQ-n'g leavesaand rigidly 'connected' tothe:.fii'xle.,V said"'superimposed leaves extending -inainly toward f therigidly supported end of' the leaff. "The superimposed leaves ofV thisbody-.are rigidly 'secured togetherl 4a portion 5 of theirlength toprovide Vin effect a rigid" v'bait'which forms an arm or enleverextending teward-'the flexible portion ofthe leaf so that:tliefeffective force factor ofthe moment of torque resistance is causedyto act through a relatively long leverage upon the adjacent tive.torque resistancethereby greatly reduced. in` its. action upon thesparing. Desir- `resilient portionfof tljiespring .andthe eifeciably'the body of' the"leaves Which are yt-hus y Secured; together is,Substantially equal in length tothe distance from the axle to theuniversal joint o-fthedriving shaft so that the flexure of the springWill act in conso- V vvhicl'i is secured to the end of the` frame 1.

rPhe opposite end of: the mainleaf'S ex.- tends beyond the axle, and,jasillustrated herein, ybeneath the', axle. Prefer-ably the Y mentalsection-11 vWhich vlies 'in theV same plane, and isseciired to the body0f` the ve; hicle andl underlies a long spring 12 which overlaps themain spring 8 at'the axle. Ifhe leaves-vllfand 12 Which extend fremtlieaxle Ymain spring 8 is; provided with a supple"V tovvard4 the oppositevendy ofthe vehicle are located between twor series. 13l and 14 `of su,-perimposedl leaves of successively decreasing length, the ends ofjal'llof, said leaves-'being securedtogetl'ier andto a bracket-15- dependg Iing from the frame clamp 16:

iets` illustrated herein the bracket 15- is.-

riveted-totlie vframe and isprovided with a laterally extending shelfj17 te which the j spring clamping plate 16 isY secured*bypairsv of bolts18 located upon-opposite sides of the superimposed springs. Thespringcom.u prises a central section19 Which consists ofI a series20-off progressively shorterV leaves which underlie the main long leaf Sandex f tendbeyond the axle toward the end of the long'leaves' Whicharesecured'betvveen the 'superimposed' series of vsuccessively shorter Yleaves, but terminate sufficiently short thereof to leavev anVinterniediate flexible section 2l Vcomposed .only of the leaves 11 and12. De-

sirably one or moreleavcs 22j (tweas shown herein) arey superimposedabove the long leaf 12 and other shorter leaves 23L (tivo of4 which areillustrated. herein)` arek superimposed upon those beneath thev axleandv extend toivard the fixed end elf the spring.

The long leaves and the shorter leaves ivhich are superimposed uponAopposite sides of. f

kthe long leaves Yare secured together andto a bracket 24 upontheaxlefhousing by a clamp,

plate 25 and pairs of bolts 26 locatedy adjacent opposite edges ofthespring leaves. In order to reduce the effectivevforce. factor'of themoment of torque Whiclris applied Wto thek spring,V a bodyl 27 cfsuperimposed leaves Y' are Yrigidly secured together by a distance fromthe vertical plane of the center of the axle, the clamp' 28 desirablybeing in proximity tothe position of the universal joint which connectsthe shaft 5 to the short shaft which drives the differential. yThe rigidbody of spring leaves'thuslprovided is substantially inflexible and ineffect provides an arni'which is rotatable about the vaxis of thedriving shaft 3 so that the effective force factor of the moment oftorque is applied to the spring at or beyond the end of this ai'in andits'action upon the spring greatly reduced by reason of the longleverage through which the torque acts upon the spring. lf desired theclamp 2S may be held against slippage by a plate 29 which underlies thespring leaves, whichr are superimposed beneath the axle,"and is securedat one 'end to the clamping'plate and at the other clamped with theleaves to the axle.

lThe supplemental section l1 of the long leaf desirably is rslightlyspaced apart'froin the adjacent end of the leaf 8 and is providedadjacent its end with a pin which is slidably mounted inguideways orslots and' 32 formed in and extending longitudinally of theoverlappinglong leaf 12 and an underlying leaf 33. By reason of thisconatA struction the section 1l is permittedto have a longitudinalsliding'movement upon flexure of .the intermediate flexible section ofthe rigidly anchored portionofthe spring. reason of this constructionthe superimposed leaves 1l and l2 offer greater resistance than the mainleaf `8 of the spring so that the flexible section l2l of the spring isvcapable of withstanding the effective force factor of the moment oftorque'resistance in addition to sustaining the force imposed upon it bythe Weight of the vehicle. By properly proportioning the rigid centralbody of the spring relatively tothe flexible portions of the spring, thespring may be so constructed that underrrnormal running conditions theforce factor of the moment oftorque applied to the flexible centralportion of the spring Will be such as to cause this flexibleV central'pormoment of torque resistance upon the intermediate flexible portion 2lof the spring the variation in the action of the'torque upon the springby variations in driving power and by'freason of the vtransmission ofbraking powervthrough the axle to the wheel Willclamp 28 which islocatedat a predetermined have no seriousleffectupon the 'spring andbreakage Will thereby be entirely eliminated.

By reason lof the present construction the* portion of the spring whichextendsyfrom' Y the axle beneath the vehicle frame and aivay from theend of the frame may bemade con;v siderably longer than inusualconstructions and infact of any desirable length without necessitatingany change in the position 'of the axle relatively to the end of theframe. 'llher'efore7 a longer and more yeasily riding spring may beemployed; f

inasmuch as the flexibility of the spring is dependent upon the numberof superimposed leaves lshorter sunerimiosed leaves meV-'be 7 l Y .l

removed or added as may be foundfdesiri-ible to adj ustthe resiliency ofthe spring to any Weight 'of vehicle and difference of torque. Suchadjustment can be made at the time theA spring is installed or at anytime thereafter Without inconvenience. i Y' e Y The adjacent ends of thelong or main leaf desirably present surfaces which are disposed inangular relation to each other adaptedto force out any dbris which mayaccumulate betvveenthe adjacent ends of the leaves. 'As illustratedherein the endfil of the section llof the long` leaf is perpendicular'to the axis of the leaf While the other section 8`of the main leaf isprovided with a il-shaped incline relatively to the Yend'EiLl of theleaf '11* so'that the spaces betweenthe adj acentl ends '95 end portionpresenting surfaces 235y which?" of the leaf sections 8 and l1 are Wideratthe outer edges than at the middle. Any dbris,

tli'erefore,-vvhich might accumulate betvveenjk the adjacent ends of theleaves Will be forced connected .by a shackle 37 to the end ofthe? frametofperinit relative longitudinal'movement between the spring and framevvhilel the other flexible end section 38 of the long leaf is anchoredto theframe as by an eye 39 which embraces a stud l0 upon ay bracket 4l*which is rigidly secured to the frame. o The central portion of thespring is provided with aV series of progressively shorter 'leaves l2superimposed upon thelower side of the f long leaf and one or moreleaves 43 upon the upper side of thelong leaf.- )ther leaves and l5 ofVany suitable number and de sii'ably ofequal length are appliedtogthe.-`loiver and'uppei sides of the superimposed;

leaves l2 and @respectively and allofftl'ie leaves tli'us rsuperimposedare secured to? gether by'suitable clamps lo toprovide a rigid arm 47extending from the axleto'ward4 the anchored end ofthe spring. All ofthese'V superimposed leaves `are ysecured to thefaale bya-clamping'plate 48iand bolts 49 which .engage the spring seat 24 vofthe axle 7-.

'spring Vupon the frame..

In thisV construction,- as lin the. previous construction,` therigid arm4T of the spring fconstruction which; is. pivotally mounted upon 1 theystud. 49. acts to y direct. the movement ofthe axlerelatively totheframefin. a path substantiallyperpendiculan to the horizontal plane oftheframe.. Thisv armalso provides Y `inv effect .aleverwhichreducestheeffective. f0rcefactor of;v the inoment of torque upon,y the.flexible portion or portions oft the spring and. consequently equalizesthe action of the Y Infthe vconstruct-ion ill'ustratedinligf theresilient portion of the spring. construction. comprises a 'longleafj5'0qand a plurality of; lprogressivel-y shorter leaves 51 whichK areVv.s iip'eri'iiiposed. uponv the lower side of' the.

springand are clamp-ed. together` .and tothe V axleby; aplate 52 and-.bolts iwhich engage .thespring Seat24 oftheiaxle. In this con#struction, as in previous constructions, the

, end?V ofl the long-leaf 5()V is connectedto a shackle. 54C, whichpermits relative longitudinal movement. between the end of thespringandthe frame, In this ysuing construction, however,v a rigid bar Z55-'isclamped between` the end ofthe built .,up;leaf spring' and the axle vby,theclainping plate 52 'and bolts 53.

Thev bar 5.5.. extends lfrom the axle beneath f.' the `frameand isprovidedwith an odset end '56 haring an. eye which journalled upon.

a studf. in a vbracket 58 which is rigidly y'secured to theframe.`How-ever, other forms of.; flexible connections may lle-used.

. Inltfhisconstruction, as Vin those previously A described, thebar. 55v.acts vas a radius rod;V y to rdiiectthe movement of the axle.`relatively tothe. frame' in the path substantially nor- .Y mal to.thehorizontalplane of the frame-and alsoactsfto .reduce and practicallytoelimi` nate the. fonce of torque resistance which otherwise wouldbeiinposed upon the frame. In this construction the resilient portion of'ther spring` supports the frame without being,`

subjected to any substantial torque action.

Vf fltwill thusbe obvious that various modificationsn'iay be madeinconstruction and arrangemeiit of parts of'v mechanisms embody Vingthepresentinvention and it will, there-v fore,beundei'stood that theparticular constructions shown, inthe drawings are illus.-

"trative and. notjrestrictivewithin the meaning and scope of thefollowing claims.

; l Having thus described the invention, what isclaiined as'new, anddesired to be secured by Letters Patent, is:v y y s fl. `.Ayehiclespring vconstruction compris fing; a AVleafjspring mounted' upon theaxle of f the uehicleand having aV resilient end por- .tionextending inone directioiifrom theaxle j and flexibly connectedfatits end to theendV of thfefi'ame and al relatively rigid vsection,

extending.; from' the axle in the opposite direction and lexiblysecuredtothe frame. y

65.; 2.'. 'vehicle Ispring vconstruction. compris 1eeahi22 ing a-springmounted upon the axleof the vehicle having axeectioncomposedof .a seriesof leaves` of successively increasing length.

rigidly. secured to. the axle, the long leafl thereof Ahavingl a sectionflexibly connected vto the end. of the vehicle frame to permit` relativelongitudinal. ymovement therebetween and aresilient sectionextendingfrom,

said axle in the opposite direction and anchoited. at itsr end tothe.frame and provided with. a relatively rigid 11e-enforcing portion ing aportion of the length. thereof.

secured thereto and, to the axle and extend-v`A Y 3. A springconstruction for supponting a vehicle frame upon an axlewhichfis:sub-ject. to torque comprising aleaf spring'mounted luponr theaxle l'iavng-a. section extending in one direction flexibly connected atits end^ to theframe andhaving arsectioii. extending. inthe oppositedirection also. connected tol ciated.. with the latter rigidly securedto the axle and acting thereupon at a predeter.:`

vthe frame and relatively rigid. means asso.-

mined distance fioinrthe' axletoreduce the.

effective force factor of the. `moment. of torque upon thev spr-ing', il

Ll. A., spring construction. for. supporting a. vehicle frame upon anaxle comprising a,

plurality of superimposed leaves. ofl succes Y sively increasinglengthmounted upon. said.' axle and havin@ sections extending diiferentdistances thereirom in opposite directionsV means connecting Vthe endlof the shorter section tothe frame to permit relative longitudinalmovement therebetween, means an,- chci'ing the end of the longersectonto the frame and, relatively rigid re-enforcing` means secured tothe axle and to the longer section of. the spring extending from theaxle portion of the. length of said longer. section. Y V f 5. A vehiclespring construction for supporting avehicle frame upon an axlewhich .issubject to torque comprising` a leaf spring.- connected tothe axlehaving resilient. sections extending. there tronrin oppositek direc- Yflexible means rigidly securedto the axle and.V `"1,25

extendingtherefrom alongftlie exible section offering-` the greaterresistance andact-r ing thereupon to reduce the forcefactor of.`

the moment oftorque imparted therefrom. to such. flexible section.

:7. A vehicle spring construction for sup-V porting a vehicle frame uponan axle which is subject to torque comprising a leaf spring having oneend flexibly connected to the end of the frame and the other end foimedto offer greater resistancevand anchored to the vehicle frameV and anintermediate section rigidly secured to the axle andhaving asubstantially inflexible member extending from said axleA along saidspring toivard the anchored end of the spring and of such length as toreduce the forcefactor'of the lmoment of torque imparted therefrom toAsuch flexible section and also operablenormally to equalize the actionof the resilient sections of VtheV spring upon the vehicle frame. Y

8. Ay vehicle springconstructioii .for suD- porting a vehicle frame uponan axle which is subject to torque comprising a leaf spring having-aresilient leaf flexibly connected to the frame and an oppositelyextending leaf anchored at its end to the frame between onnositelydisposed superimposed series of progressively shorter leaves, a centralsection secured tothe axleya flexible section intermediate of saidcentral section and said anchored end and relatively rigid meansconnected to the axle and extending therefrom in engagement with saidresilient leaf toward the intermediate flexible section and acting toreduce the effective force factor of the moment of torque lupon saidintermediate flexible section. f

9. A vehicle spring construction for supporting a vehicle frame upon anaxle whichV is subject to torque comprising a leaf spring having aresilient leaf flexibly connected at its end lto the frame andextendingbeyondl theaxle, an oppositely extending leaf having one endoverlapping said leaf at the axle vand having its lopposite end locatedbetween symmetrically Vdisposed scri-es of progressively shorter leaveswhich are rigidly anchored tothe frame, a series of leaves superimposedupon opposite sides of the overlapping leaves and rigidly clamped to theaxle, the -body of said superimposed leaves extending lmainly toward theanchored end of the spring and acting to reduce. the eective forcefactor of the moment of torque transmitted to the Vflexible portion ofthe spring intermediate of the adjacent ends of the respectiveSuperimposed series of leaves. p

k10. A vehicle spring construction for sup- Y porting a vehicle frameupon an axle which is subject to torque comprising a leaf spring havinga main resilient leaf flexibly conv vnected at its ends to the frame andextending beyond the axle, an oppositely extending leaf having one endoverlapping said leaf at the axle and having its opposite endV locatedvbetween symmetrically disposed series ef progressively shorter leaveswhich are anchored to the frame,v includingy :icsupplemental leafarranged in aliiieineii'tv-*ith said.

upon opposite sides-ofthe overlapping leaves and supplemental leaf andrigidly clamped vto the axle', the body of saidsuperimposedr leavesextending mainly toward the anchored Amain leaf7 a series of Vleavessuperiinposed end of the spring and acting to reduce the yeffectiveforce factor of the moment'l` of torque transmitted to the flexibleportion of heV spring intermediate ofV theadjacent ends of therespective superimposed series of leaves. Y y! l.' ll. Aveliicle springconstruction for supporting a vehicle frame upon an axle Which issubject to torque comprisinga leaf spring 'having a main resilientleafflexiblyconlnected at its'. end to the frame and extending beyondthe axle, an cppositely ,extendingV leaf having one end overlapping saidleaf at the axle and havingits opposite end located betweensymmetrically Vdisposed series of progressively shorter vleaves whichare anchored to the frame, including a supplemental leaf arranged inalinement With said main'leaf, the adjacent ends of the supplemental-leaf and main leaf vbeing spaced apart, a series of leaves superimposedupon opposite sides of the overlapping leaves and supplemental leaf andrigidly clamped to the axle',` the body of said superimposed leavesextending mainly toward the 4 anchored end of the spring and acting toreduce. the 'effective force. factor of tlie moment of torquetransmitted yto the flexible portion ofthe spring intermediatel of theadjacent .ends of the respective superimv- 1 posed .series of leaves.

l2. A vehicle spring construction'for supporting a vehicle frame upon anaxle Which is subject to'torque comprising a leaf spring having a mainresilient leaf flexibly con-Y ing Vbeyond the axle, an Yoppositelyextend"- iiig leaf having one end overlapping Said leaf at the axle andhaving its opposite end located between symmetrically anchored end ofthe spring and acting to reduce the effective force factor of the momentof torque transmitted to the flexible portion of the spring intermediateof the l disposed. series of progressively shorter leaves Which nectedat its end to the frame and extendadjacent ends of tlierespectivesuperim-4 posed series of leaves and a pin in said su plementalleafadjacent its end slidab y mounted in gndeways in juxtaposed leavesdlao c Y. "13. A vehiclespringoonstruotion compris- "-ing la longV leafformed in Asections adapted 'f tobeeonneoted Vat their remote. ends tothe vehicle ``r`a1jne, shorter leaves superimposed Kupon oppositesldeso'f and overlappmg the @adjanentends lfof-the long "leaf, means forinping fthe superimposed leaves and one 'fof the ksectionsjot'jthel'long leafto tlie vehicle axle anc'lf-ineans lfor slidablyseou'ring't'he ad- Qj-aeent end offthe" other section-oil the longV.leaf between the uXtaposed shorterleaves.

14. A 'vehole spring Construction comprising aflongleaf ormed 1n almedsections acflaptedto be Connected at'theirremote ends to the Vvehicleframe,Y a plurality of .successi vely shorter Vleave-s superimposed Yrespec-A N,tively on `opposite sides oiandoverlapping fthe'adjaoentends'of 'the long leaf, means Fior clamping the superimposedleaves and v.one ofthe sections of the long leal-'to the Y ax'le. andmeans Vforr slidably securing Jche atl-jacent end tl'xe other sectionofi thelong leat vbetween Ju-Xtaposed shorter leaves.

l5. Arvelucle sprmg'oonstruotion comprising a long Vleaf formed inalined Sections adapted to be connected atthelr remote ends to 'thevehicle vframe, a lplurality l oislaorter Aleaves superimposed uponvopposite 'sidesol' :andoverlapping theadgaeent ends of the llong'leaf,means olamping'the superimposed leavesv and one of tlieseotionsi of thelong leaf to the axle and means lor slid'aloly securing' the adjacent`end of the other -seo-Y lionel die longvleaf between'juxtaposed shorterleaves, the adjacent ends ofthe-long leaf section presenting 'relativelydivergng surfaces adapted -todischarge :RALPH Mg LoVEJoY.

